In early February 2023, the European Chemicals Agency ECHA published a ban proposal on all PFAS – or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. In an unprecedented experiment of “expert-reviewed journalism”, involving 29 journalists and seven scientific advisers, the Forever Pollution Project revealed that there is way more contamination all over Europe than has been publicly known. The journalists gathered 100 datasets and filed dozens of FOI requests to build a first-of-its-kind public interest tool in the form of a free, online, interactive map of PFAS contamination in Europe. The scientific methodology behind this data collection was borrowed from the PFAS Project Lab and the PFAS Sites and Community Resources Map in the US.

“It is a necessary and also scary result that you have achieved here”, said Phil Brown (Northeastern University, Boston), who coordinated the work behind the American map. “Something similar has been missing for Europe”, said Martin Scheringer, an expert in environmental chemistry at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Zürich, Switzerland). “Your contribution is therefore extremely important and valuable”.

The project shows that there are 20 manufacturing facilities and more than 2,100 sites in Europe that can be considered PFAS hotspots – places where contamination reaches levels considered to be hazardous to the health of exposed people. The problem: It is extremely expensive to get rid of these chemicals once they have found their way into the environment. The cost of remediation will likely reach the tens of billions of euros. In several places, the authorities have already given up and decided to keep the toxic chemicals in the ground, because it’s not possible to clean them up.

PFAS are used in a lot of different industries, from Teflon to Scotchgard, to make non-stick, non-stain or waterproof products. They don’t degrade in the environment and are very mobile, so they can be detected in water, air, rain, otters and cod, boiled eggs and human beings. PFAS are linked to cancer and infertility, among a dozen other diseases. It has been estimated that PFAS put a burden of between 52 and 84 billion euros on European health systems each year.

PFAS emissions are not regulated in the EU yet, and only a few Member States have adopted limits. All the PFAS experts we interviewed were adamant that the thresholds set by the EU for implementation in 2026 are much too high to protect human health.

The Forever Pollution Project also uncovered an extensive lobbying process to water down the proposed EU-wide PFAS ban. Several dozen FOIA requests in Brussels and other European cities revealed that, for months now, more than 100 industry associations, think tanks, law firms and major companies have been working to influence the European Commission and the Member States to weaken the forthcoming PFAS ban.

Over the course of several months of investigation, the Forever Pollution Project dissected more than 1,200 confidential documents from the European Commission and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), as well as hundreds of open sources. Analysing these documents, the reporters behind The Forever Pollution Project can show how companies from Chemours to 3M or Solvay are trying to exempt their products from the ban.

All 23,000 contamination sites and all 21,500 presumptive contamination sites are available at lemde.fr/PFASmap and in the Dataset and Maps page on this website.